CookieBuk: April 2012

Saturday 28 April 2012

Sunday 22 April 2012

Saturday 21 April 2012

Abdominal pain is the term used to describe discomfort in the abdomen.

Mild abdominal pain is common, and is often due to excessive alcohol intake, eating unwisely, or an attack of diarrhoea.

Pain in the lower abdomen is common during menstruation but is occasionally due to a gynaecological disorder such as endometriosis.

Cystitis is a common cause of pain or discomfort in the abdomen.

Bladder distension as a result of urinary obstruction may also cause abdominal pain.

Abdominal colic is pain that occurs every few minutes as one of the internal organs goes into muscular spasm in an attempt to overcome an obstruction such as a stone or an area of inflammation. The attacks of colic may become more severe and may be associated with vomiting (see abdomen, acute).

Peptic ulcer often produces recurrent gnawing pain.

Other possible causes of abdominal pain are:

infection, such as pyelonephritis, and
ischaemia (lack of blood supply), as occurs when a volvulus (twisting of the intestine) obstructs blood vessels.
tumours affecting an abdominal organ
anxiety

Treatment

For mild pain, a wrapped hot-water bottle is often effective.

Pain due to peptic ulcer can be temporarily relieved by food or by taking antacid drugs.

Urgent medical attention is necccessary if abdominal pain:

is not relieved by vomiting
persists for more than 6 hours
is associated with sweating or fainting
is accompanied by persistent vomiting, vomiting of blood, or passing of bloodstained or black faeces.

Unexplained weight loss or changes in bowel habits should always be investigated.

Investigation of abdominal pain may include the use of imaging tests such as ultrasound scanning, and endoscopic examination in the form of gastroscopy, colonoscopy, or laparoscopy.

References

Peters, M. 2007. The British Medical Association: Illustrated Medical Dictionary. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.

Friday 20 April 2012

Textiles

*Why am I blogging this ? Check out my vlog >.< ! http://youtu.be/5SpADfbKi2Y

Textiles are materials made from fibres (tiny threads).

Types of Textiles

There are two main types of textiles: Natural and Synthetic.

Natural textiles: The earliest fibres were made from natural resources; either from plants or animals. An example of plant fibre is cotton, which gets its name from the cotton plant. Examples of animal fibre are wool from sheep and silk produced by silkworms.

Synthetic textiles: These are man-made textiles. Synthetic fibres are made from different types of chemicals. These chemicals have the ability to form big molecules, called polymers. Nylon, polyester and acrylic are all examples of synthetic textiles.

Producing Textiles

Spinning a yarn is a procedure required in order to produce a fabric. At the end of this procedure, a long thread (yarn) will be formed and made into a fabric. The steps to doing so are as follows:

Scouring: If the textile is natural, this stage is needed. It involves cleaning the raw material; removing grease, dirt etc from the textile. This is not a necessity for synthetic textiles.
Carding: This involves distentagling and/or combing the fibres. If combed well, the yarn will be more fine and smooth.
This stage involves drawing the ropes of carded (disentangled) fibres into longer and thinner strands, making it more suitable for spinning. Rotating rollers are used to produce a fine enough strand.
Fibres are twisted using a rotating spindle, and this finished yarn woll then be wound up into bobbins.

Once the yarn is spun and finished, it is ready to be made into fabric. This can be done in two ways:

Knitting: A series of loops are made out of one long piece of yarn.
Weaving: This involves using two yarns, and threading them in and out of each other.

Knitting can be done by using two needles. It is much more simpler than weaving - which is carried out by machines called looms - but it is less strong.

Protecting Fabrics
Fabrics are used in a large number of ways. Like any other materials, fabrics need to be treated with care, otherwise they may get torn, become faded, or even burnt.

Fabrics need to be cleaned, so it would be wise to look at the information attached to the fabrics, if any.

Here are some symbols associated with most fabrics:

http://pavo.all4designs.nl/images/fckfiles/Washing%20symbols2(2).jpg

If not treated well, fabrics can become damaged. Here are some ways to prevent this:

Fire-proofing. The material can be treated with "flame retardents" to prevent it catching fire easily. Examples of such fabrics include clothes worn by firemen, fabric on furniture, and children's night clothing.
Moth-proofing. This involves using mothballs to prevent moths from attacking the clothing.
Water-proofing. Some materials are treated with certain chemicals to prevent water soaking into the material, for example, swimsuits.

Properties of Textiles

All textiles have different properties.

For example, cotton absorbs moisture and is very comfortable on hot days, but it is not very hardwearing. Polyester is much more hardwearing, but doesn't absorb moisture. Therefore, by mixing cotton and polyester together into clothes, advantages of both become present, e.g. shirts made from a mixture of otton and polyester are hardwearing, cool to wear in summertime, and are drip-dry.

However, not all properties of all textiles are as well known as the ones above. These less known textiles need to be tested in order to determine their properties.

Experiment 1: To Determine the insulating properties of textiles

Apparatus:

3 metal cans
3 thermometers
Aeroboard (insulator)
Textiles being tested
Boiling water

Method:

Wrap metal cans with different textiles.
Seal each with aeroboard to insulate the parts that the fabrics can't.
Carefully, pour equal volumes of boiling water into each can.
Place a thermometer in each can (as shown in diagram), and measure the temperature every minute for ten to twenty minutes.
Note the temperature drop for each material.

Conclusion: The can in which the temperature drops most has the poorest insulating material around it, and the can in which the temperature drops least indicates the best insulating material around it.

Experiment 2: To determine the resistance to wear of a material

Apparatus:

File
Fabric to be tested
Weight

Method:

Set up apparatus as sown in diagram.
Rotate the handle of the file.
Record the number of turns on the handle it takes for a hole to appear on the fabric.
Repeat with different textiles.

Conclusion: The more turns it takes for the hole to appear, the more hardwearing the material is.

Monday 16 April 2012

Nursing (Ac-Ac)

Acute...abdomen

Acute Abdomen

Having an acute abdomen means having persistent, severe abdominal pain of sudden onset, usually associated with spasm of the abdominal muscles, vomiting, and fever.

The most common cause of an acute abdomen is peritonitis.
Other causes include appendicitis, abdominal injury, perforation of an internal organ due to disorders such as peptic ulcer or diverticular disease.

Acute abdominal pain commonly begins as a vague pain in the centre, but then becomes localized.
It requires urgent medical investigation that may involve a laparoscopy or a laparotomy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.

References

Peters, M. 2007. The British Medical Association: Illustrated Medical Dictionary. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.

Abdomen

This is the region of the body between the chest and the pelvis.

Peters 2007, p4

The abdominal cavity (area of the abdomen) is bounded

by the ribs and diaphragm above, and
by the pelvis below...
with the spine and abdominal muscles forming the back, side, and front walls

The abdomen contains the liver, stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys.
In the lower abdomen, enclosed by the pelvis, are the bladder, rectum, and, in women, the uterus and ovaries.

References

Peters, M. 2007. The British Medical Association: Illustrated Medical Dictionary. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.

Nursing (Aa-Ab)

abdomen
abdomen, acute
abdominal pain
abdominal swelling
abdominal thrust
abdominal X-ray
abducent nerve
abduction
ablation
abnormality
ABO blood groups
abortifacient
abortion
abortion, induced
abrasion
abrasion, dental
abreaction
abscess
abscess, dental
absence
absorption

Sunday 15 April 2012

Go Red for Women !

Heart disease and stroke is the leading cause of death for women in Ireland.

Take action now for your heart health and Go Red for Women:

• Be active for at least 30 minutes five days a week

• Eat a healthy diet

• Manage your weight

• Stop smoking

• Drink less alcohol

• Know your family history

• Have regular blood pressure and cholesterol checks with your family doctor

Know the warning signs of a heart attack

Chest discomfort. Squeexing, uncomfortable pressure or pain in the centre of the chest, that last more than a few minutes
Discomfort and/or pain spreading to other areas of the upper body such as the shoulders, neck or upper arms and jaw
Shortness of breath, unexplained weakness or fatigue, anxiety, or unusual nervousness, indigestion or gas-like pain, breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, light-headedness and collapse
Dizziness and/or fainting

Know the warning signs of a stroke

The following can help you recognise if someone is having a stroke.
Act FAST if you see any of them:

FACE: Ask the person to smile - does one side droop?

ARMS: Ask the person to raise both arms and keep them there

SPEECH: Can the person repeat a sentence? Is their speech slurred?

TIME: If you see any of the above signs - even just one - call 999 for an ambulance

Not all of the above symptoms are always present with heart attack or stroke. If only some are present don't wait. Get help fast and dial 999. Meanwhile sit or lie down.

Questions to ask you health professional

• What is my blood pressure level and is it a healthy level for me?

• What is my cholesterol reading, what is the breakdown, and what do the numbers mean?

• What is my blood glucose reading? Am I at risk of diabetes? If so, why?

• Am I at increased risk of heart disease and stroke? If so, why?

• What kind of food should I eat?

• What kind of physical activity is right for me?

For smokers

• How does smoking affect my heart?

• What can you recommend to help me stop smoking?

Go Red for Women
This is an international awareness campaign dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis and control of heart disease and stroke in women led by the Irish Heart Foundation. The campaign is aimed at encouraging women to reduce their risk of this disease and gives tips and information on healthy eating, physial activity, menopause and diabetes.
See www.irishheart.ie/goredforwomen

Irish Heart Foundation

4 Clyde Road,

Ballsbridge,

Dublin 4.

Telephone: +353 1 668 5001

Heart & Stroke Helpline: Locall 1890 432 787

Email: info@irishheart.ie

http://www.irishheart.ie/

http://www.stroke.ie/

References

Irish Heart Foundation. 2010. It's a Red Alert. Dublin: Irish Heart Foundation.

How to take care of your Cast

Do's

Elevate and support your plastered limb as instructed
Exercise all your joints which are not covered by the cast i.e. shoulders, elbows, fingers, knees, toes
Let your cast dry naturally
Use your sling as instructed

Do not's

Stand or put weight on your cast until it is completely dry
Get your cast wet (Cast covers may be purchased in a pharmacy)
Cut, or otherwise, interfere with your cast
Directly expose to heat, e.g. radiator, electric blanket, fire
Use any object to scratch the skin underneath your cast...see below number 5
Walk on your cast unless instructed to do so

IMPORTANT, REPORT AT ONCE if you experience any of the following:

Increasing levels of pain unrelieved by medication/elevation
Your fingers/toes turn blue, white, or swollen and do not recover when elevated or exercised
You have pins and needles, numbness or difficulty in moving your fingers/toes
There is an offensive discharge or ooze from your cast
You drop something inside your cast
Any blister like pain or rubbing under the cast

Report as soon as possible if you experience any of the following:

7. Your cast becomes soft or cracks
8. Your cast becomes very loose, tight or otherwise uncomfortable

References

Beaumont Hospital. 2010. How to Take Care of Your Cast. Beaumont Hospital: Accident and Emergency.

Saturday 14 April 2012

How to Self Inject with Innohep (tinzaparin sodium)

You are prescribed Innohep (tinzaparin sodium) by your doctor, and need to take it at home. The following are some guidelines for how to self-administer / self-inject with Innohep.

These guidelines (Innohep Leaflet 2010) are divided under three main headings:

Preparation of the injection site
Administration of Innohep
Disposal of the syringe

Preparing the Injection Site

When giving yourself an injection, make sure you:

1. Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water. Dry your hands well.

2. Sit or lie in a position so that you can see the skin where you are going to inject yourslf, usually the abdomen (stomach).

3. Decide where to inject yourself. This is usually on the right or left side of the abdomen.

You must not inject yourself within 5 cm (2 inches) of your belly button or midline.

Also, do not inject near any scars or bruises.

Each time you inject yourself, choose the opposite side from the site of your previous injection.

4. Clean the area. Apply a cold compress to the site if desired (see step 10). Allow to dry before you inject yourself.

Administration of Innohep

5. Carefully take the syringe out of its plastic container by bending the cap all the way back and sliding the syringe out.
Remove the needle guard covering the needle. To keep the needle clean, make sure it does not touch anything. The syringe is now ready for use.

IMPORTANT. If your dose is less than that in the syringe, hold the syringe vertically with the needle pointing upwards and gently remove the excess by pressing the plunger into the syringe. There is no need to remove the air bubble if you need the total quantity in the syringe for your dose.

6. Hold the syringe in your writing-hand like you would hold a pen. With your other hand, make a fold of your skin by gently pinching the area where you are going to inject yourself with your thumb and forefinger. Continue to hold the skin fold while you inject yourself.

7. With the syringe vertical so the needle points downwards, insert the needle fully into the skin fold.
8. Continue to hold the skin fold, press down on the plunger slowly over 10-15 seconds. This delivers the medication into the fatty tissue.

9. Pull the needle completely out of the skin and then let go of the skin fold. Do not rub or massage the place where you inject yourself - this can lead to buising.

10. There is evidence that applying a cold compress (ideally dry, e.g. a wrapped ice cube or cold can) to the injection site for 2-5 minutes before and after administration, can reduce the discomfort of the injection.

Disposal of syringe

11. After use, do not replace the needle guard. Put the used syringe (needle first) back into the plastic container and close thelid. This prevents accidental injury. Dispose of the syringe carefully as instructed by your healthcare professional. The syringe should be disposed of in a "sharps" container (i.e. a special bin for needles etc.).

Never put syringes or needles in the household rubbish.

To summarise...How to self inject with Innohep.

Hand hygiene
Position self
Choose site (5cm away from midline on non-broken/bruised skin)
Clean and dry are (cold compress if desired)
Prepare syringe
"Pinch" skin
Needle pointing downwards in
Press plunger over 10-15 secs
Remove needle
Cold compress
Dispose of syringe

References

Innohep Leaflet. 2010. How to Self Inject with Innohep (tinzaparin sodium). Beaumont Hospital: Out-Patients Department.

Nursing (Ti-Tn)

Tinzaparin sodium...self-injection

Nursing (Sd-Sf)

Self-inject...with innohep (tinzaparin sodium)

Nursing (Hl-Ho)

How to...look after your cast
How to...self-inject with innohep (tinzaparin sodium)

Eye Injury - After Treatment

Whether you have had treatment for your eye injury in the hospital, at your GP, or in a nurse's appointment, follow up care is essential for the injury to heal. (Beaumont Hospital 2010). The following are some Do's and Don'ts:

Do Not

Rub or touch your eyes. Doing so will increase the risk of infection
Drive with an eye pad on as your vision will be distorted
Use contact lens, until your injury heals
Operate machinery until the eye heals

Apply eye ointment or drops as prescribed by the doctor
Wash hands thoroughly before applying eye drops/ointment
Keep your eye covered with a pad as shown by the nurse
Keep further appointments for follow up
Wear dark glasses during the day. This will reduce glare
Return to the medical professional you have seen for the treatment if your vision deteriorates further or if you have increasing pain, redness or swelling of the eyes

References

Beaumont Hospital. 2010. Eye Injury Card. Beaumont Hospital: Accident and Emergency.

Nursing (In-In)

Inject, self...with innohep (tinzaparin sodium)
Injury, Eye - after treatment
Innohep...self-injection

Nursing (Ey-Ez)

Eye Injury, after treatment

Wednesday 11 April 2012

CookieBox

Tuesday 10 April 2012

Exercises for Ankle Sprain

The ligaments of the ankle can be injured when stretched by falling down over on the ankle. This injury is common in sports activities but can also occur when a person slips off a pavement or walks on uneven surfaces.

24-48 hours post injury
-->Use R.I.C.E.

Rest the ankle as much as possible, use crutches where necessary.
Ice every 4 hours for 10-15 minutes (remove the tubigrip before applying ice an cover the ice with a damp towel.
Compression will be applied by the tubigrip fitted in A&E (remove at night time).
Elevate the ankle while sitting down by placing 2-3 pillows under the foot.

After 48 hours
• It is vital to start moving your ankle as soon as possible to prevent the joint becoming stiff. The exercises should be performed as often as possible.
• It is also important to keep the knee moving by bending and straightening it. This ensures the leg muscles do not become weak.
• Start to walk on the ankle as soon as possible, even for short periods.

Exercises

Lying on your back or sitting. Bend and straighten your ankles briskly. If your keep your knees straight during the exercise you will stretch your calf muscles.
Sit with one leg stright out in front of you. Put a band around your foot. Gently pullthe band and feel the strech in your calf. Hold for a few seconds.
Sitting or Lying. Rotate your ankle. Change directions.
Cross your legs, with the leg to be extended underneath. Use the top leg to resist the leg underneath as the knee straightens. When the knee is straight, cross legs the other way around and with the underneath leg resist the top leg as the knee bends.

References

Beaumont Hospital. 2010. Exercises for Ankle Sprain Card. Beaumont Hospital: Accident and Emergency.

Nursing (Sp-Sp)

Sprain, Ankle

Nursing (Et-Ex)

Exercises, for Ankle Sprain

Eczema

Eczema is an inflammation of the skin, usually causing itching and sometimes scaling or blisters (Peters 2007).

There are several different types of eczema (ibid.).

Atopic eczema is a chronic (on-going), superficial inflammation that occurs in people with an inherited tendency towards allergy (ibid.).
This condition is common in babies (ibid.). It is characterised by:

An intensely itchy rash occurs, usually on the face, in the elbow creases, and behind the knees
The skin often scales
Small red pimples may appear (ibid.)

For mild cases, emollients help keep the skin soft (ibid.). In severe cases, corticosteroid ointments may be used (ibid.). Antihistamine drugs may also be used to reduce itching (ibid.). Excluding certain foods from the diet may be helpful (ibid.). Atopic eczema often clears up on its own as a child grows older (ibid.).

Nummular eczema usually occurs in adults (ibid.). The cause is unknown (ibid.).

It produces circular, itchy, scaling patches anywhere on the skin, similar to those of tinea (ringworm) (ibid.).

Topical corticosteroids may reduce the inflammation, but the disorder is often persistent (ibid.).

Hand eczema is usually caused by irritant substances such as detergents, but may also occur for no apparent reason (ibid.). Itchy blisters develop, usually on the palms, and the skin may become scaly and cracked (ibid.).

The condition usually improves if emollients are used and cotton gloves with rubber gloves over them are worn when coming into contact with irritants (ibid.). If the eczema is severe, corticosteroids may be prescribed (ibid.).

Stasis eczema occurs in people with varicose veins, where the skin on the legs may become irritated, inflamed, and discoloured (ibid.).

The most important factor is swelling of the legs, which may be controlled with compression bandages or stockings (ibid.). Ointments containing corticosteroids may give temporary relief (ibid.).

How to care for Dry Skin and Eczema:

• Resist the temptation to scratch itchy skin. This will only aggravate the condition.

• Keep an emollient cream with you throughout the day to relieve irritation and itching.

• Do not wear wool or synthetic materials next to the skin. Wear cotton underclothes and use cotton bed linen.

• Avoid biological detergents. Use a mild soap product, and rinse everything thoroughly.

• Avoid anything which seems to irritate your skin, such as grass pollen, animal fur, etc.

• Keep the house dust mite population down. Wash bedclothes frequently, vacuum your mattress and carpets, and damp wipe surfaces.

• Do not use soap. Even the mildest soap cancause dryness and worsen the condition. Use a bath emollient or an emollient cleansing bar instead.

References

Peters, M. 2007. The British Medical Association: Illustrated Medical Dictionary. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.

Nursing (Ea-Ec)

Eczema

Monday 9 April 2012

Formulas for Drug Calculations

Calculating Tablets

How much tablets should I give?

Formula: Dose to be given

---------------------------- = Number of tablets

Stock strength / Stock dose

Dose to be given = amount of tablets you need …e.g. doctor prescribed 1g of the tablet to be administered.
Stock strength / Stock dose = strength of one tablet …e.g. each tablet contains 500mg of the drug.
Convert to same unit of weight… 1g = 1000mg
Calculate ! 1000mg ÷ 500mg = 2 tablets

Calculating Mixtures, Solutions, Fluid for injection

How much medication should I give?

Formula:

Dose to be given Stock Volume

---------------------------- X --------------- = Amount of solution to be given

Stock strength / Stock dose 1

Dose to be given = amount of medication you need …e.g. doctor prescribed 2g to be administered.
Check the “strength per volume” of the medication …e.g. 500mg/10mls
Stock strength / Stock dose = strength of the medication …500mg
Stock volume = the amount of medication containing that strength …10mls
Convert to same unit of weight… 2g = 2000mg
Calculate! (2000mg ÷ 500mg) X (10mls)
= 4 X 10
= 40mls

Calculating IV rates: mls per hours (& minute)

How many mls per hour do I set?

Formula for hours: Total volume to be given (mls)

--------------------------------- = mls per hour

Time (hours)

E.g. 1200mls ÷ 10hrs = 120mls/hr

Formula for minutes: Total volume to be given (mls)

--------------------------------- = mls per minute

Time (hours) X 60

E.g. 1200mls ÷ (10hrs X 60)

=1200mls ÷ 600

=2mls/min

Calculating IV rates: drops per minute (dpm)

How many drops of medication are given per minute?

Formula:

Total volume to be given (mls) Drop factor

------------------------------- X ------------ = mls per hour

Time (mins) 1

Calculating IV rates: time remaining

How much time is remaining in this infusion?

Formula:

Volume remaining in the bag (mls) Drop factor

---------------------------------- X ------------ = mls per hour

Drops per minute (mls/hr) 1

*See administration set, usually 15, 20, 60 drops/ml

Nursing (Fm-Fq)

Formulas for Drug Calculations

Nursing (Dp-Dr)

Drug Calculations

Nursing (Ca-Ca)

Calculations, Drug
Cast, after-care

Sunday 8 April 2012

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are a group of drugs (Peters 2007).

They are mainly used

to treat bacterial infections, and
to prevent bacterial infection in cases of immune system impairment (ibid.)

Most of the commonly used antibiotics belong to one of the following classes of drugs:

penicillins
quinolones
aminoglycosides
cephalosporins
macrolides, and
tetracyclines (ibid.)

Some antibiotics are only effective against certain types of bacteria (ibid.). Other types of antibiotics, a.k.a. broad-spectrum antibiotics, are effective against a wide range of bacteria (ibid.).

However, over time, some bacteria may develop resistance to a previously effective antibiotic (ibid.). This is most likely to occur during long-term treatment (ibid.). In this case, alternative and less-commonly prescribed antibiotics may be used to treat these bacteria (ibid.).

On the downside, most antibiotic drugs can cause some unpleasant side effects, such as nausea, diarrhoea, or a rash (ibid.).

Antibiotics may also disturb the normal balance between certain types of bacteria and fungi in the body (ibid.). This can lead to proliferation (rapid increase/reproduction) of the fungi that cause candidiasis, otherwise known as thrush (ibid.). Some people experience a severe allergic reaction to the drugs, resulting in facial swelling, itching, or breathing difficulty (ibid). If any of the above happens, you should go to your G.P. or to the Emergency Department, depending on where you were prescribed these antibiotics (Beaumont Hospital 2010).

Here are the key points given to patients when starting antibiotic tablets treatment at home:

Basic, but crucial: You must take the tablets according to the instructions on the bottle (ibid.)
Finish all the tablets, even if you begin to feel better after a few days. Antibiotics usually work in courses over a period of time (ibid.)
Don't double dose if you realised you have missed a dose. Continue to take the prescribed tablets at the designated times (ibid.)
Avoid alcohol, especially if the tablets are called Metronidazole (ibid). This is because Metronidazole is believed to have the ability to block the body's breakdown of alcohol (Netdoctor 2010). This may lead to an accumulation of a substance called acetaldehyde in the bloodstream, and can cause intense flushing, breathlessness, headache, increased or irregular heart rate, low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting (ibid.). Because this reaction is so unpredictable, and may potentially be severe, precaution must be taken to avoid alcohol (ibid.)
Store all medications out of reach of children (Beaumont Hospital 2010).
Never give these tablets to anyone else, even if they appear to have the same name, dose, etc. Likewise, do not take other people's prescribed medications (ibid.)
Antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of the oral contraceptive pill (ibid). Women on the pill should use additional methods of contraception (e.g. condom) while taking antibiotics and for two weeks after the course has finished (ibid.)
It can take up to 48 hours for antibiotics to start to work. If you still feel unwell after this time, inform your G.P. (ibid.)

To summarise these tips....

Instructions
Finish tablets
Don't double dose
Avoid alcohol
Q children
These are for you ONLY
Contraception
48-hour effect

References

Beaumont Hospital. 2010. Antibiotics Card. Beaumont Hospital: Accident and Emergency.

Netdoctor. 2010. Metronidazole and Alcohol Question and Answer. Accessed at 08/04/2012 <http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/medicines/207474.html>

Peters, M. 2007. The British Medical Association: Illustrated Medical Dictionary. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.

Nursing (An-An)

Ankle, sprain
Antibiotics

Nursing

To get rid of

some files on Lappy (my laptop)
the crap on my shelves
the extra juice in my brain

I have decided to create this page and throw all that jazz in, that jazz equating to the nursing stuff I've painstakingly attempted to jam into my memory box for the past four and a half years prior to exams.

And somehow, it worked.

Browse below for any Nursing term you wanna find out more about. If I'm missing something, please don't hesitate to let me know. Some of the info here I've obtained in my lecture notes, articles, books, on placement and whatnot. I'll give a reference for all. Hope this helps.

Laters & godspeed.

ℭọंκ¡Îℬ೮ķ

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Va-Va

Vb-Vg

Vh-Vn

Vo-Vz

Wa-We

Wf-Wm

Wn-Wz

Xa-Xo

Xp-Xz

Ya-Ym

Yn-Yz

Za-Zm

Zn-Zz

Friday 6 April 2012

RANT !!! iPhone is recognised by iTunes, but not my laptop. Grr.

Yes, I must rant ._. even on Good Friday ._.

Firstly I could've saved myself from all the problems of the Universe and simply invest in a goood digital camera.

But I didn't.

I do have one tucked away in the depths of my wardrobe, but the battery wastes away after about 20 minutes of use, which isn't exactly an encouragement to my crappy photography skills. So that's that.

I would've used my iPod to do the duties, but she only takes videos, not photos -_- And as merely an Apple customer, I have no right to impail such duties on her. So that was that too.

So I used my beloved iPhone. Now, iTunes recognises it, syncs it, does the whole shebang with it and that is awesome, however, my laptop doesn't recognise it. And that is the problem.

When I plug iFone into my laptop via the USB cable, iTunes pop up and syncs accordingly. However there is no "remove storage device" sign at the bottom right corner of the screen, nor does the iPhone show up in My computers. This has been a boggle to me for a goood few weeks now...I'm not sure when the problem started, because I usually upload my photos directly from my iPhone to Facebook, or Mocospace, or QQ or whatever. I don't even need to go through the laptop. Until now ¬__¬

After a shag load of research and forum hunting, I have come across a fairly consistent solution to the problem according to everyone but myself:
Delete the photos on your Camera roll that were not taken from your iPhone - you probably got it in a text or on the internet - and you'll be able to see the iPhone icon or Camera device icon in My Computer again. And live happily ever after.

So I did just that, went through 2 and a half thousand photos, dug out and deleted about 300 of them...and everything was exactly the same as before. Same as shiz. I tried unplugging, replugging, opening, closing, unplugging again, take a new photo in a silent spirited hope that it will trigger some human sympathy from my laptop/iPhone, replugged it once more and....nothing. Fml.

There are probably more "what ifs" and attempts to make this work...an example will be rebooting the system, uninstall and reinstall iTunes, log off and back on, set fire to your curtain and extinguish it.....the list is truly endless...but right now, I could not bother my flabby cellulited backside to do so.

Instead, I will chill. I will mellow and take life as slowly as a garden snail upon a 60's style fluorescent dewy leaf. My last resort was to upload the photos as drafts on my Gmail, and download the photos onto my laptop from there. See ? Piece of cookie, except that the downside was I can only upload 4 photos per email. And I have a little more than a thousand ==...

That's ok, that's alright.....slowly....slowwwwly.....

And with that in mind, I march on in good faith like an undefeated soldier, before an error message pops up on my Gmail, while trying to open the photo, they have some troubleshooting jazz going on and can you try again later please ? Why yes, why yes I can, in fact I have been doing so for the past five hours you son of a jerk.

I refused to fulfill my sudden desire to yank every electrical appliance out of our walls, chucking them all out the window, thus brutally murdering our neighbour's obese dog. I chose to blog this down to mark the beginning of my cold war with blah ._.

Update: Gmail photo collecting system is now working again. However, if you do have a solution to the above problem, please don't hesitate to let me know.....I'm currently on photo number 12 ._.

Laters & godspeed.

ℭọंκ¡Îℬ೮ķ

Happy Easter, Fattie Cookie :3

Stepped on the scales in a pathetic attempt to reassure self that my sweet abundance of easter eggs these few days did me no harm....and fail whale ._.

53kg ? that can squish a lot of kittens o.O"

Eat more & Get fat, peoples (c '-' )

ℭọंκ¡Îℬ೮ķ

Tuesday 3 April 2012

How to remove (most of the) vocals of an MP3 song, using Audacity

Download Audacity (if you haven't already) at this site. Make sure you get the right version for your desktop.
Click File >> Import >> choose the MP3 file that you want to remove the vocals of.
You should now see the song on your screen. Click the song name, and in the drop down menu, select Split Stereo Track.
The song should now be split into two, a top, and a bottom. Select the BOTTOM part only with your cursor, Click Effect, and in the drop down menu, select Invert. Wait while the process takes place.
Click both top and bottom file names and select Mono.

That should do the trick ! To save the file...

Click File >> Export
Adjust the details (location and file type) and Save.

So all in a nutshell:

Get Audacity
Import File
Split Track
Invert Bottom
Mono Both
Export to Save

Laters & godspeed.

ℭọंκ¡Îℬ೮ķ